Researchers are still unsure of the exact cause of pediatric eczema. However, the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology suggests that it may result from the “leakiness” of the skin barrier. This can lead to the skin drying out, making it more prone to irritation and inflammation. Factors that can contribute to the development of eczema in children:
- Genetics: Children with a family history of eczema, allergies, or asthma are more susceptible to developing eczema. Mutations in certain genes, such as CARD11 and FLG, also have associations with eczema.
- The immune system: A person may experience a flare of eczema when their immune system overreacts and causes an exaggerated response to a trigger.
- The environment: The “envirome” refers to potential triggers an individual may have exposure to, including pollutants, such as tobacco smoke, climate factors, such as temperature, and social factors, such as stress.
Evidence also highlights a link between allergies and eczema in younger children. Many experts refer to the progression of allergic conditions as the atopic marchTrusted Source. It typically begins with atopic dermatitis and food allergies in infancy, then develops into allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood.
The American Academy of Dermatology notes that African American and Asian American children are more prone to developing eczema than white children. Additionally, children with very dark skin may receive a diagnosis late, or even not at all, because the condition is less obvious.
People with eczema are more vulnerable bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Living with eczema can also negatively affect a person’s mental health — children may worry about their appearance or experience bullying.
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