Types

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis is caused by too many eosinophils in the esophagus. This happened when your body overrespond to an allergen. In children, this can make eating difficult. According to the Boston Children’s Hospital, 1 in 10,000 children has this form of esophagitis. Common triggers include:

• milk
• soy
• eggs
• wheat
• peanuts
• tree nuts
• shellfish

Inhaled allergens, such as pollen, can also contribute to this form of esophagitis.

Reflux esophagitis

Reflux esophagitis is usually due to a condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD occurs when stomach contents like acids, frequently back up into the esophagus. This causes chronic inflammation and irritation of the esophagus.

Drug-induced esophagitis

Drug-induced esophagitis can occur when you take certain medications without enough water. This causes medications to linger in the esophagus too long. These medications include:

• pain relievers
• antibiotics
• potassium chloride
• bisphosphonates (drugs that prevent bone loss)

Infectious esophagitis

Infectious esophagitis is rare and can be due to bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. You are at increased risk for this type of esophagitis if you have a weakened immune system due to disease or medications. This type is common in people with HIV or AIDS, cancer, and diabetes.